The complexity of biological and social systems arises from the interplay between their constituent components, whose interactions shape emergent behaviors across scales. In this dissertation, I examine three domains that illustrate how structural organization and information flow constrain system-level function: the mutational architecture of the genome during aging, the modular organization of longevity mechanisms, and the event dynamics of competitive team sports. In the first project, I investigate the structure of somatic mutation accumulation across the human genome and its variation across genes, tissues, and pathways. By comparing empirical mutation burdens to rigorous null models, I identify non-random patterns of mutational protection and vulnerability, revealing how evolutionary and repair processes act non-uniformly within the genomic network. The second project applies network medicine to aging biology, integrating large-scale genetic and pharmacologic datasets to map the hallmarks of aging onto the human interactome. This framework supports systematic, mechanism-based drug repurposing by identifying compounds that modulate specific longevity-related modules through network proximity and transcriptional reversal of age-associated signatures. The third project shifts domains to sequential dynamics in professional soccer, employing transformer-based architectures to model and predict in-game event sequences and inter-event timing. This effort provides a proof of concept for generative modeling in complex, high-dimensional event systems. Together, these projects demonstrate how network-based reasoning can expose organizing principles that are inaccessible from individual components alone.