|Talks|

Cascading Failures in Real and Synthetic Power Grid Topologies using Direct Current Approximation

Visiting speaker
Past Talk
Sergey V. Buldyrev
Professor of Physics Department at Yeshiva University, New York
Oct 27, 2017
2:00 pm
Oct 27, 2017
2:00 pm
In-person
4 Thomas More St
London E1W 1YW, UK
The Roux Institute
Room
100 Fore Street
Portland, ME 04101
Network Science Institute
2nd floor
Network Science Institute
11th floor
177 Huntington Ave
Boston, MA 02115
Network Science Institute
2nd floor
Room
58 St Katharine's Way
London E1W 1LP, UK

Talk recording

Using the direct current power flow model, we study cascading failures and their spatial and temporal properties in the US Western Interconnect (USWI) power grid. We also introduce the preferential Degree And Distance Attachment (DADA) model, with similar degree distributions, resistances, and currents to the USWI. We investigate the behavior of both grids resulting from the failure of a single line. We find that the DADA model and the USWI model react very similarly to that failure, and that their blackout characteristics resemble each other. In many cases, the failure of a single line can cause cascading failures, which impact the entire grid. We characterize the resilience of the grid by three parameters, the most important of which is tolerance α, which is the ratio of the maximal load a line can carry to its initial load. We characterize a blackout by its yield, which we define as the ratio of the final to the initial consumed currents. We find that if α ≥ 2, the probability of a large blackout occurring is very small. By contrast, in a broad range of 1 < α < 2, the initial failure of a single line can result, with a high probability, in cascading failures leading to a massive blackout with final yield less than 80%. The yield has a bimodal distribution typical of a first-order transition, i.e., the failure of a randomly selected line leads either to an insignificant current reduction or to a major blackout. We find that there is a latent period in the development of major blackouts during which few lines are overloaded, and the yield remains high. The duration of this latent period is proportional to the tolerance. The existence of the latent period suggests that intervention during early time steps of a cascade can significantly reduce the risk of a major blackout.  

About the speaker
Sergey V. Buldyrev received his MS in mathematical physics and his PhD in physics and mathematics from Saint Petersburg State University, Russia. For 14 years, he was a research associate at the Center for Polymer Studies, Boston University. Since 2004 he is a professor of physics department at Yeshiva University, New York. His interests include thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, classical mechanics, computational physics, and the theory of complex systems. He published over 300 papers in refereed journals, e.g. S. V. Buldyrev, R. Parshani, G. Paul, H. E. Stanley, and S. Havlin, “Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks,” Nature 464, 1025-1028 (2010)
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Oct 27, 2017