Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have primarily affected wild and domesticated bird populations, with occasional human spillover. In 2024, the United States (US) reported the first known infection of H5N1 in dairy cattle, rapidly evolving into a multispecies outbreak among cattle and poultry with spillover into humans. Publicly available data remained fragmented across agencies, hindering timely response. Multimodal surveillance methods can strengthen situational awareness through integrated, standardized data.
Share this page:
